留学生旅游管理学essay范文格式—加勒比海吸引游客的主要因素，本文是一篇留学生管理专业的Essay写作格式参考范文。长期以来，旅游业一直是大多数加勒比岛屿的第一产业，这是由于很大程度上令人难以置信的自然美景和野生动物，吸引了大量的“度假饥饿”游客全年。(Sophia Southern, n.d.)。旅游业是加勒比地区经济和劳动力的重要组成部分。加勒比海最重要的旅游中心是波多黎各、美属维尔京群岛、牙买加、巴哈马群岛和巴巴多斯......以下是管理学essay范例写作的全部内容，是一篇符合国外大学Essay写作格式要求的范文，供参考。
Tourism has long been the primary industry on the majority of the Caribbean islands due to the largely incredible natural beauty and wildlife which attracts hoards of “vacation hungry” visitors all year long.” (Sophia Southern, n.d.). Tourism accounts for a large amount of the Caribbean’s economy and work force.
The most important tourist centre in the Caribbean are Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Island, Jamaica, The Bahamas and Barbados.
Tourists are attracted to the Caribbean for many reasons some of the main factors are:
Geography – The Caribbean which extends from the southern tip of Florida, pass the Gulf of Mexico and down to the north-eastern tip of South America, attracts a lot of visitors each year. The Caribbean has numerous landforms such as islands, mountains, waterfalls etc.
Weather - The Caribbean has a tropical marine climate which gives it an all year round sunshine and this makes it perfect for the winter visitors. The equator gives the Caribbean temperatures `between 27-32°C. It is called marine because of the influence of the sea. During the day the sea is usually cooler than land. Winds blowing from the sea. This is one of the biggest reason why tourists are attracted to the Caribbean, The climate attract tourist to the Caribbean during the winter period their country
天气——加勒比海是热带海洋性气候，一年四季阳光普照，非常适合冬季游客。赤道给加勒比海的温度在27-32摄氏度之间。它之所以被称为海洋，是因为受海洋的影响。白天海里通常比陆地冷。风从海上吹来。这是游客被吸引到加勒比海的最大原因之一，气候吸引游客在他们国家的冬季前往加勒比海
Tourism activities in the Caribbean have traditionally centre around the promoting of coastal attractions: beaches, coral reefs, coastal water.
Beyond the beauty of the beaches, its sparkling blue water and attractive coral reefs, there are lush tropical rainforest, volcanic, a rich cultural heritage
Culture and Sandy Beaches文化与沙滩
The Caribbean culture is the white sandy beaches of the Caribbean islands are a magnificent sight to see and parallel to none. The Caribbean is well known for its fine grained, soft white sand.
The opportunities of water sports – When tourist come to the Caribbean they want to try water activities such as swimming, sailing, and snorkelling.
Community-based Tourism以社区为基础的旅游
Community tourism is not a recent phenomenon, it dates back to the early days of travel when travellers were accommodated in monasteries, inns, homes and hostels. Community tourism is dependent on the community itself its attitude towards tourist is recognition of the value of tourist business and the steps it takes to stimulate and promote it. It requires the involvement of the community as a whole and a strong working relationship with the tourism sector.
社区旅游并不是最近才出现的现象，它可以追溯到旅行的早期，那时旅行者住在修道院、旅馆、家庭和旅社。社区旅游依赖于社区本身，它对游客的态度是对旅游业务价值的认可，以及它采取的措施来刺激和促进它。这需要整个社区的参与，并与旅游业建立牢固的工作关系。
Community-Based tourism exists and can only be successful when there is a participation of the community in which the product is located. There can be full participation meaning that the community controls tourism in their local or limited participation of the community personnel. (Teaching Tourism in the Caribbean, December 2000)
Why Community Based tourism为什么是社区旅游
Jamaicans sometimes feel left out from the tourism industry and do not believe that they benefit from the tourism therefore it is important for individuals to become stakeholder as they will now have a reason to protect and sustain the industry.
Community tourism is identify as an avenue to sustain growth, environmental sustain-ability enhanced visitor experience and community development. This would result in it being an inclusive industry where the benefits from tourism are spread more widely. (Team Jamaica, 2000)
社区旅游被认为是一种可持续增长、环境可持续性、增强游客体验和社区发展的途径。这将使其成为一个包容性产业，使旅游业的利益得到更广泛的传播。(团队牙买加,2000)
Benefits of Caribbean based tourism加勒比旅游的好处
Increased employment both directly and indirectly.
Increased opportunity for social and cultural intercourse.
Increased income – the improvement of infrastructure and enhancement of the community
Improve quality of life
Principles of Community Tourism社区旅游原则
Community Tourism is a new appearance. It is a spirit that spread throughout all sectors of the tourism industry. Community Tourism is about levels of relationships between the host country and the visitor.
What is appealing to the visitor is found among the varied natural attractions, local resources and talents, and indigenous attributes of a community or area. Through visitor-community interaction, respective cultures are explored, ideas and information are exchanged, and new friends are made. (http://www.communitybasedtourism.info/en/community-based-tourism/community-based-tourism.asp, n.d.)
Community Tourism fosters opportunities at the community level for local people wishing to participate more fully in the tourism industry. This may range from organising bed & breakfast accommodation in a rural home to creating income-generating tourism opportunities for an entire village.
社区旅游在社区层面为当地希望更充分地参与旅游业的人们提供机会。这可能包括在农村家庭组织床铺和早餐住宿，为整个村庄创造创收的旅游机会。
Community Tourism is managed tourism in its profoundest sense, taking into account evolving travel trends in such areas as the environment, study and research, seniors travel and other special interests.
Community Tourism products and services are geared to address these trends and to satisfy the interests of emerging travel markets. Key clientele includes:
The mature market成熟的市场
Study and Research groups, including schools, universities, colleges and research based organizations
Church groups
Environmentalists, botanist, ornithologists and nature lovers
The independent traveller
Afro-Americans
Caribbean Nationals – at home and abroad
The vision of Community Tourism is to expose the local resources and talents, and make the concept a reality for local people. Community Tourism embraces eco-tourism, cultural tourism, adventure tourism, recreational tourism, geo-tourism, heritage tourism, health tourism, farm tourism and all the popular special interest tourism.
Community-based tourism, therefore, is a combination of tourism products offered at a community-level to domestic or international visitors. In the Jamaican context, community-based tourism usually refers to visitor interaction with local people in the rural areas outside of the traditional resort areas. Community-based tourism does not mean that the rules that apply to traditional tourism sub-sectors do not apply them. The principles of health and safety for visitor’s drive tourism regardless of the setting in which the product is offered.
Community-based tourism, however, offers a unique opportunity for Jamaica. The process of community-based tourism development if managed effectively has the potential to alleviate poverty and illiteracy. Community-based tourism also has the potential to develop the natural creative energy of Jamaicans by transforming average citizens into entrepreneurs. It can be used to develop strong partnerships by twinning existing traditional tourism entrepreneurs with aspiring non-traditional tourism entrepreneurs. It can be combined with the existing tourism product offerings to create a uniquely Jamaica experience. Community-based tourism can be a stand-alone venture or a partnership of the traditional and the non-traditional products blended with Jamaican charm, culture and heritage to create a community tourism spirit that culminates in a truly Jamaican experience. Community-based tourism can bring out the best in the Jamaican people
然而，以社区为基础的旅游业为牙买加提供了一个独特的机会。社区旅游发展进程如果得到有效管理，有可能减轻贫困和文盲。以社区为基础的旅游也有潜力通过将普通公民转变为企业家来开发牙买加人的自然创造力。通过将现有的传统旅游企业家与有抱负的非传统旅游企业家结合起来，它可以用来发展强有力的伙伴关系。它可以与现有的旅游产品相结合，创造一个独特的牙买加体验。以社区为基础的旅游可以是一种独立的冒险，也可以是传统和非传统产品的合作，融合了牙买加的魅力、文化和遗产，创造出一种社区旅游精神，使真正的牙买加体验达到高潮。以社区为基础的旅游可以激发出牙买加人最好的一面.
In developing community-based tourism products it is essential to understand that:
Local conditions, culture and knowledge will influence the outcome.
Each community has its own identify and values.
Tourism works within a system.
The tourism system defines the rules for local tourism.
Developing a business is a process.
International standards play a significant role in product development and marketing.
Each agency on the team has a specific role to play in the development of the community-based tourism product.
Failure to learn the rules and to manage effectively and efficiently the process results in failure at the local and national levels.
External Challenges外部挑战
Global competition for tourism business
The forces of globalization advocate the free movement of goods/services, capital and labour by opening up the world markets for trade.
Globalization has expanded global corporate reach and control. The challenge is that the region now has to invest in meeting international standards.
Worldwide the hospitality industry is having difficulty attracting motivated and dynamic employees because of its image as primarily offering low pay, low status jobs, with long, demanding working hours and difficult working conditions.
Modern technology is rapidly changing the way business is conducted in travel and tourism. With the increasing use of computers by businesses to gain competitive advantage and the dramatic increase in the use of the Internet by travellers, tourism businesses have to invest in the new technologies and train their people in the use of these technologies to remain competitive.
现代技术正在迅速改变旅游业的经营方式。随着越来越多的企业使用计算机来获得竞争优势，以及旅行者使用互联网的急剧增加，旅游企业必须投资于新技术，并培训他们的人员使用这些技术来保持竞争力。
The use of distance learning is revolutionizing campuses worldwide as, through the use of multiple technologies.
"Special attention needs to be paid to addressing the human resources needs of small, medium and micro tourism businesses in the region which make up the bulk of the sector, and which are locally owned and managed for the most part..” (Morgan, CTO, 2001)
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